Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus within the Setaria genome responsible for regulating the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings revealed that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—structures specific to grasses that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists further demonstrated that the conversion of a spikelet into a bristle occurs early in the flower cluster’s development, influenced by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to the transformation of a sterile structure into a seed-bearing one, the researchers noted that localized interference in BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits highlight two promising pathways for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops prevalent in many developing nations that have yet to be optimized genetically. While the findings of this study have significant implications for boosting global crop yields, extensive further research is needed to explore the commercial applications for key crops such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Meanwhile, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in strategies to bolster crop output and ensure a stable food supply. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which support both soil health and environmental sustainability. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to explore methods for enhancing soil health and improving water quality on farms. These companies recognize the importance of maintaining healthy soil to ensure a profitable business.
Experts have projected that food scarcity may become a pressing issue by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continue developing innovative solutions to feed the planet’s growing population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices or if consumers would ultimately benefit from lower retail costs. Additionally, factors such as calcium citrate and calcium content play a crucial role in crop nutrition, making them essential considerations in the ongoing efforts to optimize agricultural productivity and sustainability.