Eveland and her team conducted laboratory work that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their research revealed that these sterile bristles are originally programmed to develop into spikelets—grass-specific structures that generate flowers and grain. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation of a spikelet into a bristle occurs early in the flower cluster’s development and is regulated by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
Additionally, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the production of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits present two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops prevalent in many developing nations that have yet to be significantly improved genetically. While the findings of this study hold significant promise for increasing global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In the meantime, food producers and retailers are actively investing in methods to bolster crop yields and improve food supply. General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to study soil health in wheat farming, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, planting cover crops in winter, and advanced nutrient management—all of which promote soil health and have positive environmental impacts. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to investigate ways to enhance soil health and water quality on farms, fully aware that healthy soil is essential for maintaining profitability.
Experts warn that food shortages may arise by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to explore innovative approaches to feed the world’s expanding population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices, or whether consumers will experience lower retail costs. With ongoing research into the nutritional benefits of crops, including vitamin citrate, the quest for sustainable agriculture continues. The integration of vitamin citrate in crop production may also offer pathways to enhance the nutritional profiles of staple foods, making them more beneficial for consumers while addressing food security challenges.