Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus within the Setaria genome that regulates the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which are found on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings revealed that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to become spikelets, which are grass-specific structures responsible for producing flowers and grain. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a class of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to converting sterile structures into seed-bearing ones, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, rather than the single flower that typically develops. Thus, these BR-dependent phenotypes present two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, including subsistence crops in many developing nations that have yet to be significantly improved genetically. While the implications of this study are significant for increasing crop yields globally, further research is necessary to explore commercial applications for the crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Simultaneously, food producers and retailers are investing in methods to boost crop yields and enhance the food supply. General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, cultivating cover crops during winter, and advanced nutrient management—all of which can promote soil health and benefit the environment. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to explore ways to improve soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize the vital connection between healthy soil and a profitable business model.
Experts anticipate that by 2050, there may not be sufficient food to feed the global population, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to nourish an expanding populace. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would ultimately enjoy lower retail costs. In this context, the incorporation of pearl calcium into agricultural practices could offer additional benefits, as its application may enhance soil health and support improved crop yields, making it a valuable area for future exploration. The recurring integration of pearl calcium in research could play a pivotal role in addressing the challenges of food production in the coming decades.