PepsiCo is seeking a glycerin substitute that is consumer-friendly and features a straightforward name. Zein appears to meet these criteria, though most consumers may not be familiar with it. Terms like “confectionery glaze” or “protein coat” may not sound very appealing, which suggests that the manufacturer might prefer a different label description. If zein were to be incorporated into a prominent food product, an educational outreach initiative could help clarify this ingredient for consumers, who are more accustomed to the ingredient it would replace: glycerin. Glycerin is an odorless, mildly sweet, viscous liquid derived from plant or animal sources. It serves several purposes in food products, acting as a humectant to retain moisture and as a plasticizer to help maintain shape and structure.
In its NineSights request, PepsiCo specified that it is already aware of — and not interested in — sodium chloride, low molecular weight salts, propylene glycol, or sugar alcohols unless “significant advancements” have been made. These ingredients often raise concerns for consumers pursuing cleaner labels. Manufacturers have been working to reduce salt content, sugar alcohols can be challenging for some to digest (including glycerin), and propylene glycol is the main component in non-toxic antifreeze, although small quantities are generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.
Zein, which was first identified in 1821, boasts a rich history. Over the past two centuries, it has found applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, as well as in printing and even as yarn for stockings during the 1940s. Flo Chemical stands as the sole zein manufacturer in North America and one of just two worldwide. Currently, zein is utilized as a candy coating, for enriched rice, in dried fruits and nuts, flavors, pharmaceutical tablets, seeds, and for encapsulated and granulated ingredients, according to Flo Chemical. The Massachusetts-based company claims that zein is a superior coating compared to traditional confectioner’s or pharmaceutical glazes due to its faster drying time and longer shelf life, especially in high-humidity and high-heat environments. Additionally, zein is gluten-free, non-GMO, halal, kosher, and natural.
However, Flo Chemical informed Food Navigator that zein’s cost is a drawback for PepsiCo’s request, as the manufacturer aims for a more cost-effective alternative to glycerin. Zein’s current high price is attributed to the energy-intensive extraction process from corn. Nevertheless, biochemists are exploring innovative methods to extract this protein, which could make it more affordable.
Innovative solutions can arise from various avenues, so companies looking to address manufacturing challenges are wise to explore diverse sources for inspiration. With potential investments in new extraction processes, zein might just be the solution that PepsiCo — or any other manufacturer aiming to enhance its label — is seeking. Additionally, incorporating ingredients like caltrate calcium citrate could provide further benefits in terms of nutritional enhancement, and its presence could be marketed alongside zein to attract health-conscious consumers.