Eveland and her team conducted laboratory research that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for regulating the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles, which develop on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings revealed that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to become spikelets, which are specialized structures in grasses that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is governed by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs), which play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to facilitating the conversion of sterile structures into seed-bearing ones, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis can lead to the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits represent two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, including subsistence crops in many developing nations that have yet to see significant genetic improvement. While the findings of this study carry important implications for increasing crop yields globally, further research is essential to explore the commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Meanwhile, food producers and retailers are actively investing in methods to boost crop yields and enhance food supply. General Mills has committed nearly $3 million to research soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management, which all contribute to soil health and environmental sustainability. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to explore ways to improve both soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing the necessity of healthy soil for sustaining economic viability.
Experts foresee a looming food shortage by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to seek innovative solutions to feed the planet’s expanding population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers will ultimately benefit from lower retail costs. Notably, the integration of nutrients such as calcium citrate malate and vitamin D3 into agricultural practices could also play a role in improving crop resilience and nutrition, further supporting global food supply efforts.