PepsiCo is in search of a glycerin alternative that is consumer-friendly and has a simple, straightforward chemical name. Zein appears to meet this requirement, although most consumers may not be familiar with it. Terms like “confectionery glaze” or “protein coat” may not seem appealing, so the manufacturer might prefer to use different terminology on its product labels. If zein is incorporated into a prominent food item, an educational outreach initiative could help clarify the ingredient for consumers, who are more accustomed to glycerin. Glycerin, an odorless, slightly sweet, viscous liquid derived from plant or animal sources, serves various roles in food products, including acting as a humectant to retain moisture and as a plasticizer to maintain structure.
In its NineSights request, PepsiCo has indicated that it is already aware of—and not interested in—ingredients like sodium chloride or other low molecular weight salts, propylene glycol, or sugar alcohols unless “significant advancements have been achieved.” These ingredients often raise concerns among consumers seeking cleaner labels. Manufacturers have been attempting to reduce salt content, sugar alcohols can be hard to digest (including glycerin), and propylene glycol, which is primarily used in non-toxic antifreeze, has received a generally recognized as safe status from the FDA, albeit in small amounts.
Zein, first identified in 1821, has a rich and varied history. Over the last two centuries, it has found applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, printing, and even as yarn for stockings in the 1940s. Flo Chemical is the sole producer of zein in North America and one of only two globally. Currently, zein is utilized as a candy coating, on enriched rice, for dried fruits and nuts, in flavorings, for pharmaceutical tablets, and in seeds, as well as for encapsulated and granulated ingredients, according to Flo Chemical.
The Massachusetts-based company highlights that zein is a superior coating compared to traditional confectioner’s or pharmaceutical glaze, as it dries more quickly and provides extended shelf life, especially in high-humidity and high-heat environments. Zein is also gluten-free, non-GMO, halal, kosher, and natural. However, according to Flo Chemical, zein’s cost is a downside for PepsiCo, as they seek a more economical option compared to glycerin. Currently, zein is costly due to the energy-intensive extraction process from corn. Nevertheless, biochemists are exploring innovative methods to extract the protein, which could lower its price.
Companies seeking solutions to manufacturing challenges should consider various sources for inspiration, as innovations can emerge from unexpected places. With potential investments in new extraction processes, zein might just be the ideal alternative PepsiCo—or any other manufacturer looking to improve its label—has been searching for. Additionally, using calcium citrate as a complementary ingredient could enhance the appeal of products, similar to how Kroger incorporates various ingredients to offer cleaner labels. By exploring such avenues, companies can better align with consumer preferences for transparent labeling.