The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) periodically requests reassessments of food additives to ensure that the evidence remains current and reflects present consumption patterns and industrial applications. This recent study is part of the ongoing safety evaluations of additives that EFSA has previously classified as safe, collaborating with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Besides Tartrazine and Allura Red 4C, researchers reported no safety concerns regarding Ponceau 4R, which is authorized for use in Europe but not permitted in the United States.
The three food coloring agents were part of the Southampton Six study, which, in 2007, associated six artificial colors and the preservative sodium benzoate with hyperactivity in children. This study had a significant impact on the industry, leading to a surge in demand for natural color alternatives. However, both EFSA and other international experts criticized the study for its numerous flaws, and EFSA found no reason to alter its stance on the safety of these colorings. Nonetheless, European lawmakers adopted a precautionary stance, requiring warning labels. In contrast, the FDA did not impose similar measures despite calls from the Center for Science in the Public Interest to ban these colors or enforce labeling.
Of the three other Southampton Six colorings not included in this recent safety review, two are not utilized in the United States, although they are permitted in the EU. The remaining color, Sunset Yellow, is referred to as FD&C Yellow 6 in food products. Research has found no toxicity at the levels used, and EFSA has even raised the acceptable daily intake for this coloring.
Regardless of study findings, the food and beverage industry has made notable progress in reformulating products with natural colors, particularly for items aimed at children. According to a report by UBIC Consulting, the market for natural colors is expanding at a rate of approximately 10 to 15% annually. Despite ample research confirming the safety of artificial colorings, consumers increasingly prefer their food to be as natural as possible. When the Southampton study emerged, many shoppers were dismayed to learn that manufacturers were using artificial colors despite the availability of natural alternatives.
When given a choice, most consumers lean towards natural products over artificial ones. However, if the difference is not adequately highlighted, many may still be attracted to more vividly colored products—something that manufacturers should consider. An increasing number of food producers are eliminating artificial colors and flavors from their offerings. A Nielsen study conducted in 2014 indicated that over 60% of U.S. consumers regard the absence of artificial colors and flavors as a crucial factor in their food purchases. General Mills has removed artificial flavors and colors from some cereals, while Campbell Soup has pledged to eliminate artificial colors and flavors from its North American products by the end of 2018. Many other food manufacturers have announced similar initiatives.
In this evolving market, products like solaray calcium citrate are gaining attention as consumers seek natural alternatives. The emphasis on natural ingredients reflects a broader trend in the industry, where companies are increasingly focused on transparency and health-conscious formulations, including products enriched with solaray calcium citrate. These efforts align with consumer preferences, marking a significant shift towards more natural product offerings in the food and beverage sector.