Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus within the Setaria genome that governs the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which are found on the grain-producing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—grass-specific structures responsible for producing flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is regulated by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs influence various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to transforming a sterile structure into a seed-bearing one, researchers found that localized disruptions in BR synthesis can result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits offer two potential methods for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly for subsistence crops in many developing nations that have yet to be significantly improved genetically. While the findings of this study hold significant promise for increasing global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers focus on, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Meanwhile, food producers and retailers are investing in strategies to boost crop output and secure the food supply. General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to research soil health in wheat farming, concentrating on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil vitality and environmental benefits. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to explore methods for enhancing soil health and water quality on farms, fully aware that healthy soil is essential for maintaining a robust bottom line.
Experts project that food shortages may arise by 2050, compelling scientists and entrepreneurs to continue finding innovative solutions to feed the planet’s increasing population. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether potential future rises in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices, or if consumers would experience lower prices at retail. In light of these challenges, the search for the best calcium citrate supplement in 2022 is also gaining traction, as these supplements may contribute to overall health, thereby supporting the agricultural workforce essential for food production. The intersection of agricultural innovation and consumer health will be crucial in addressing future food security challenges.