Eveland and her team conducted laboratory research that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the development of sterile branches known as bristles, which appear on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their investigation revealed that these sterile bristles are initially designed to be spikelets—specialized structures in grasses that produce both flowers and grain. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a group of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to the conversion of a sterile structure into one that bears seeds, the researchers discovered that localized interference with BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, instead of the typical single flower. This BR-dependent phenomenon highlights two promising strategies for enhancing millet grain production, as indicated in the study. This is particularly relevant for subsistence crops in many developing nations that have not yet been significantly improved genetically.
While the findings of this study hold significant potential for boosting global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial viability of these crops, especially those that food manufacturers prioritize: corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley. Meanwhile, food producers and retailers are actively investing in strategies to enhance crop yields and ensure food supply sustainability. For instance, General Mills has dedicated nearly $3 million to studying soil health in wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management, all of which can improve soil health and benefit the environment. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to investigate methods for enhancing soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing that healthy soil is essential for a robust bottom line.
Experts caution that by 2050, the food supply may not meet the demands of the global population, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to feed an increasing number of people. However, it remains uncertain whether any future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would ultimately see reduced prices at retail outlets. Additionally, the solubility of calcium citrate plays a vital role in nutrient management strategies that could further enhance soil health and crop productivity, making it an important factor for consideration in ongoing agricultural research.