PepsiCo is in search of a glycerin substitute that is consumer-friendly and avoids lengthy, complex chemical names. Zein appears to meet this criterion, even though many consumers may be unfamiliar with it. Nevertheless, terms like “confectionery glaze” or “protein coat” might not be very appealing, prompting the company to consider alternative descriptions for their product labels. If zein were to feature in a prominent food product, an educational campaign to familiarize consumers with the ingredient could help alleviate any confusion.
Consumers are more accustomed to glycerin, which is an odorless, slightly sweet, viscous liquid derived from both plant and animal sources. It plays several roles in food, acting as a humectant to retain moisture and as a plasticizer to help maintain the product’s shape and structure. In its NineSights request, PepsiCo indicates that it is already aware of—and not interested in—sodium chloride or other low molecular weight salts, propylene glycol, or sugar alcohols unless “significant advancements have been achieved.” These ingredients often raise concerns for consumers seeking cleaner labels. For instance, manufacturers have been attempting to reduce salt, sugar alcohols can be hard for some individuals to digest (including glycerin), and propylene glycol is commonly found in non-toxic antifreeze, even though small quantities are recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.
Zein, which was first identified in 1821, boasts a rich and varied history. Over the past two centuries, it has been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, in printing applications, and even as yarn for stockings during the 1940s. Flo Chemical is the sole manufacturer of zein in North America and one of just two globally. Currently, zein is used as a coating for candy, enriched rice, dried fruits and nuts, flavors, pharmaceutical tablets, seeds, and encapsulated and granulated ingredients, according to Flo Chemical. The Massachusetts-based company highlights that zein is regarded as a superior coating compared to confectioner’s or pharmaceutical glaze because it dries more quickly and provides extended shelf life, especially in high-humidity and high-temperature environments. Additionally, zein is gluten-free, non-GMO, halal, kosher, and natural.
However, Flo Chemical mentions to Food Navigator that zein does present a challenge regarding cost; PepsiCo is seeking a solution that will reduce expenses compared to glycerin. The current extraction process for zein from corn is energy-intensive, making it relatively expensive. However, biochemists are exploring new methods for protein extraction, which could lead to a more cost-effective solution.
Innovations can emerge from various avenues, so companies looking to resolve their manufacturing challenges should explore diverse sources for effective ideas. With potential investments in new processes, zein could be exactly what PepsiCo—or any other manufacturer striving for cleaner labels—needs. Interestingly, incorporating ingredients like calcium citrate for bones could also align with consumer demands for healthier options, making the search for alternatives even more relevant. As the industry continues to evolve, the interconnection of various ingredients and their benefits will be crucial for manufacturers aiming to cater to health-conscious consumers.