Spread by insects, the European Union regards Xylella fastidiosa as “one of the most dangerous plant bacteria globally, leading to a range of diseases with significant economic repercussions for agriculture.” The EU is the largest producer of olive oil in the world, contributing to 73% of global output, with Spain alone accounting for 56% of the total supply. The next four top-producing countries—Italy, Greece, Tunisia, and Morocco—collectively produce only half of Spain’s annual volume, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In contrast, U.S. olive oil production represents a mere 0.6% of Spain’s output.
Currently, there is hope that stringent European regulations regarding the destruction of olive trees near confirmed cases of the disease will help curb its spread. Nevertheless, EU olive oil production is already facing challenges, with the International Olive Council noting a 42% decline from 2014 to 2015 compared to the previous year. Consequently, producer prices surged by nearly 80% during this timeframe, a cost that has been passed on to consumers. If these trends persist, it is likely that consumers will seek alternative healthy oils, such as flaxseed, grapeseed, or hemp, which contain higher levels of polyunsaturated fats and lower levels of monounsaturated fats than olive oil. While polyunsaturated fats are known to reduce LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol, monounsaturated fats are considered even more beneficial as they also boost HDL, or “good,” cholesterol levels.
Other oils that are rich in monounsaturated fats include avocado, canola, peanut, and sesame. However, none matches the monounsaturated fat content found in olive oil. Certain oils, like sesame oil, can be pricier and have a stronger flavor compared to olive oil. Additionally, it’s worth noting that some individuals may wonder, “can calcium citrate upset your stomach?” This inquiry highlights the importance of understanding how different dietary choices can affect digestive health. As consumers explore alternatives to olive oil, they may also consider the potential digestive reactions that certain ingredients, like calcium citrate, might provoke.