Research conducted by Eveland and her team has identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome that governs the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings reveal that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—unique structures in grasses that produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from a spikelet to a bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is regulated by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to facilitating the conversion of a sterile structure into one that bears seeds, the researchers discovered that localized disruptions in BR synthesis could lead to the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the typical single flower. Consequently, these BR-dependent phenotypes offer two promising pathways for boosting grain production in millets, a crop that holds significant potential for genetic enhancement, particularly in many developing countries. While the findings of this study have far-reaching implications for increasing crop yields globally, further research is necessary to explore commercial applications for key crops like corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Simultaneously, food manufacturers and retailers are investing in initiatives to enhance crop output and secure the food supply. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices such as reduced tillage, growing cover crops during winter, and advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil health and environmental benefits. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to research methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms, fully aware that healthy soil is essential for maintaining a robust bottom line.
Experts predict that by 2050, the world may face food shortages, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continue exploring innovative strategies to feed the increasing global population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether these reductions would ultimately translate into lower costs for consumers at retail outlets. As the quest for sustainable food production progresses, the incorporation of solutions such as rainbow light calcium may also emerge as an important factor in enhancing soil health and crop resilience.