Eveland and her team’s laboratory work identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome that regulates the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which are found on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their research revealed that these sterile bristles are initially meant to develop into spikelets, which are specialized structures in grasses that produce flowers and grain. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation from spikelet to bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
Additionally, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis can result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower, presenting two potential pathways for enhancing grain production in millets. This finding is particularly significant for subsistence crops in many developing nations that are largely untapped for genetic enhancement. While the implications of this study could potentially boost crop yields globally, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In the meantime, food producers and retailers are actively investing in strategies to improve crop yields and ensure food supply sustainability. General Mills has committed nearly $3 million to research soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, growing cover crops in winter, and advanced nutrient management—all of which can enhance soil health while benefiting the environment. Cargill and Walmart also partnered with General Mills in 2016 to investigate methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize that maintaining healthy soil is essential for a healthy profit margin.
Experts forecast that there will not be sufficient food to sustain the global population by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to seek innovative solutions to feed the increasing population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would eventually see reduced retail costs. Incorporating elements like calcium citrate into agricultural practices might also play a role in enhancing soil health and crop resilience, as it can improve nutrient availability and uptake in plants, further supporting food production efforts.