Nanotechnology involves manipulating substances at a molecular level, specifically at scales measured in nanometers, or millionths of a meter. This technology has generated excitement among food manufacturers as they explore its various applications, such as enhancing flavors and colors, improving the bioavailability of nutrients, and detecting bacteria in packaging. However, the initial enthusiasm from researchers and product developers faced resistance from consumers who were concerned about the safety of nanotechnology. In response, the FDA has issued guidelines for the use of nanotechnology in the food industry, yet companies remain cautious about how they convey these nanotech innovations to consumers.
Nanoscale compounds in food are not a novel concept; they naturally occur in milk, where nanoscale casein particles contribute to fat stability. Furthermore, an inventory by The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies reveals that over 1,600 consumer products already incorporate engineered nanoscale particles. These particles are commonly utilized in the food packaging industry to maintain food quality and safety. For instance, nanotech-based sensors can effectively detect and measure the presence of oxygen or bacteria, including listeria. In the realm of food ingredients, nanotechnology is predominantly employed in dietary supplements, such as calcium citrate vitamin D3 and folic acid tablets. Nanoencapsulation techniques could also be applied to safeguard sensitive compounds—like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids—ensuring their delivery occurs only upon reaching the gut. This method enhances nutrient absorption while minimizing their influence on the taste and appearance of the final product.
Effectively communicating the advantages of nanotechnology in food remains one of the industry’s most significant challenges, and many believe this hurdle is hindering progress in the sector. Nonetheless, with a range of applications that include improved food safety, enhanced nutrition, reduced food waste, and biodegradable packaging, it is likely that consumers will increasingly encounter nanoscale compounds in products, including calcium citrate vitamin D3 and folic acid tablets, in the years ahead.