Eveland and her team conducted laboratory research that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles, which appear on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings indicated that these sterile bristles initially develop as spikelets—structures specific to grasses that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation of a spikelet into a bristle is predetermined early in the development of the flower cluster and is regulated by brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant hormones. These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
Additionally, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could lead to the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single one. Consequently, these BR-dependent traits offer two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, which are vital subsistence crops in many developing nations that have not yet been significantly improved genetically. While the findings of this study hold promising implications for boosting crop yields globally, further research is essential to assess the commercial prospects for major crops of interest to food manufacturers, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In the meantime, food producers and retailers are investing in initiatives to enhance crop output and ensure food security. General Mills has dedicated nearly $3 million to studying soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—methods that promote soil health and benefit the environment. Cargill and Walmart joined forces with General Mills in 2016 to explore strategies for improving soil health and water quality on agricultural lands. These companies recognize that maintaining healthy soil is essential for a robust bottom line.
Experts warn that by 2050, the world may face a food shortage, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to nourish an expanding global population. However, it remains uncertain if potential future increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices, and whether consumers will ultimately experience lower retail costs. The potential for crops to yield a citracal equivalent of nutritional benefits could play a significant role in addressing these challenges as well. As the search for sustainable agricultural practices continues, the citracal equivalent may become a focal point for enhancing crop efficiency and food supply.