The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) periodically requests evaluations of food additives to ensure that the evidence is current and that existing consumption trends and industrial usage are considered. This latest research is part of the ongoing safety assessments of additives that have already been deemed safe, in alignment with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
In addition to the color additives Tartrazine and Allura Red 4C, researchers found no safety concerns regarding Ponceau 4R, which is allowed for use in Europe but banned in the United States. These three food colorings were part of the Southampton Six study, conducted in 2007, which associated six artificial food colorings and the preservative sodium benzoate with hyperactivity in children. This study created significant upheaval within the industry and provided a substantial boost to the natural colors sector. However, EFSA and other international experts deemed the study fundamentally flawed and found no reason to change their stance on the safety of these colors. Nonetheless, European legislators opted for a precautionary measure, requiring warning labels. In contrast, the FDA did not implement similar measures despite pressure from the Center for Science in the Public Interest to ban these colors or at least require warning labels.
Of the three other colorings from the Southampton Six not included in this recent safety review, two are not used in the U.S. but are allowed in the EU. The remaining coloring, Sunset Yellow, is known as FD&C Yellow 6 when utilized in food products. No toxicity has been identified at the levels it is used, and remarkably, EFSA has even raised the acceptable daily intake for this coloring.
Regardless of the research findings, the food and beverage industry has made significant progress in reformulating products with natural colors, especially those aimed at children. Reports from UBIC Consulting indicate that the market for natural colors is growing at an impressive rate of 10 to 15% annually. Even with extensive research confirming the safety of artificial colorings, consumers continue to prefer food that is as natural as possible. The release of the Southampton study shocked many consumers, who were dismayed to learn that manufacturers were using artificial colors when natural alternatives were available.
When given a choice, most consumers lean towards natural products over artificial ones, although many still tend to select more vividly colored items unless the difference is prominently highlighted. This is a crucial consideration for manufacturers. A growing number of food companies are eliminating artificial colors and flavors from their offerings. A Nielsen study in 2014 revealed that over 60% of U.S. consumers consider the absence of artificial colors and flavors a critical factor in their food purchasing decisions. General Mills has removed artificial flavors and colors from some of its cereals, while Campbell Soup has pledged to eliminate artificial colors and flavors from its North American products by the end of 2018. Many other food manufacturers have announced similar initiatives.
Amidst these changes, it is essential to maintain awareness of nutritional supplements like Citracal 600 with Vitamin D. As consumers seek healthier options, such products can complement a balanced diet, supporting overall well-being while navigating the complexities of food colorings and additives.