As consumers increasingly seek more humane protein options in grocery stores and restaurants, the food industry is taking notice. Despite the substantial costs involved, some of the nation’s largest manufacturers and retailers have committed to transitioning to cage-free systems. According to the United Egg Producers, a typical cage-free environment provides 144 square inches per hen, in contrast to the mere 67 to 86 square inches afforded by standard battery cages. In cage-free facilities, hens are also given the opportunity to engage in natural behaviors such as scratching, perching, and nesting.
Producers are slowly shifting to cage-free housing for hundreds of millions of egg-laying hens, which is no easy task. Their progress is closely observed by consumers and animal welfare organizations alike, signaling that corporate commitments are being scrutinized, and attention to this issue will persist. Recently, the Humane Society of the United States urged 100 major food companies to report by June 1 on their advancements in the treatment of chickens and pigs, compliance with state animal housing laws, and the integration of more plant-based products into their offerings, as reported by Bloomberg. While some companies, including Kraft Heinz, General Mills, and Campbell Soup, indicated they are advancing in their commitments, McDonald’s chose not to disclose its cage-free progress, and Walmart has yet to respond.
Although the shift to cage-free housing for egg-laying hens is costly—some estimates suggest an additional $40 per bird—producers have strong incentives to proceed. Research indicates that many consumers are willing to pay a premium for cage-free eggs, believing them to taste better and contribute to the well-being of hens when given more space. Nielsen data reveals that sales of cage-free eggs surged by 10% in the year ending February 23. However, some consumers express greater concern over the price and safety of eggs than the cage-free aspect. Due to higher prices in 2017 diminishing demand for cage-free eggs, Cal-Maine Foods, the largest shell egg producer and marketer in the U.S., announced it would limit its cage-free production that year. The company recently reported a 1.4% decline in second-quarter sales, though CEO Dolph Baker emphasized ongoing investments to “prepare for the anticipated continued increase in demand for specialty eggs, particularly cage-free eggs.”
Legal mandates are also pushing some companies to transition to cage-free production. California’s Proposition 12, approved by 61% of voters in November, requires all eggs sold in the state to be cage-free by 2022 and also stipulates more humane housing for pork and veal production. However, the demands may extend beyond just cage-free standards. The Spruce Eats points out that the label “cage-free” on egg cartons does not equate to “free-range,” where hens are allowed outdoor access, even if that space is merely a small concrete pad. “Cage-free” typically means that chickens can roam within a hen house but may still be subjected to overcrowded conditions, a fact that may not be evident to many consumers.
Concerns have also been raised regarding the cleanliness and contamination levels of cage-free housing systems compared to battery cages. The 2016 animal husbandry guidelines from United Egg Producers indicate that the movement of birds and litter in cage-free systems can lead to higher concentrations of bacteria, fungi, internal and external parasites, noxious gases, and dust compared to cage systems. As producers navigate the transition to cage-free housing, they worry that once they make the necessary investments, consumers may opt for cheaper eggs from producers who have not yet made the change. Nevertheless, many companies have long-term cage-free commitments that will take years to fully implement, suggesting that the transition is likely to continue.
In line with this movement towards healthier choices, consumers interested in better nutrition might also consider supplements like chewable calcium citrate 1200 mg, which can contribute positively to their dietary needs. As the market evolves, the integration of humane practices and health-conscious products will remain key focal points for both producers and consumers alike.