The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) periodically requests a reassessment of food additives to ensure that the evidence remains current and reflects contemporary consumption habits and industrial practices. This latest research is part of ongoing safety evaluations of additives previously identified as safe, in collaboration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Besides Tartrazine and Allura Red 4C, the researchers also found no safety concerns regarding Ponceau 4R, which is commonly used in Europe but not allowed in the United States.
These three food colorings were part of the Southampton Six study, which, in 2007, associated six artificial food colors and sodium benzoate with hyperactivity in children. This study created significant upheaval in the industry and provided a considerable boost to the natural colors market. However, both EFSA and other international experts criticized the Southampton study for its serious flaws. EFSA found no justification to alter its stance on the safety of these colors. Nonetheless, European lawmakers opted for a precautionary approach, requiring warning labels. In contrast, the FDA did not take similar measures, despite pressure from the Center for Science in the Public Interest to either ban the colors or impose warning labels.
Among the three food colorings from the Southampton Six not assessed in this recent safety review, two are not utilized in the United States, although they are permitted in the EU. The third, Sunset Yellow, is referred to as FD&C Yellow 6 when used in foods. Toxicity studies have shown no concerns regarding the amounts used, and in fact, EFSA has even increased the acceptable daily intake for this coloring.
Regardless of the findings, the food and beverage industry has made significant progress in reformulating products with natural colors, particularly for items aimed at children. According to a report from UBIC Consulting, this market is expanding at an annual rate of about 10 to 15%. Despite extensive research supporting the safety of artificial colorings, consumers increasingly prefer foods that are as natural as possible. Following the release of the Southampton study, many consumers were shocked to learn that manufacturers were still using artificial colors when natural alternatives were available.
When given a choice, most consumers lean towards natural products over artificial ones. However, if the distinction is not emphasized, many may still opt for more vibrantly colored products—something manufacturers should consider. An increasing number of food producers are eliminating artificial colors and flavors from their offerings. A 2014 Nielsen study indicated that over 60 percent of U.S. consumers regard the absence of artificial colors and flavors as a significant factor in their purchasing decisions. General Mills has already removed artificial flavors and colors from certain cereals, while Campbell Soup pledged to eliminate these additives from its North American products by the end of 2018. Numerous other food manufacturers have announced similar initiatives.
In addition to these developments in food coloring, there is a growing interest in supplements like calcium citrate malate tablets, which are being integrated into dietary choices. As consumers become more health-conscious, the demand for natural ingredients and supplements, including calcium citrate malate tablets, continues to rise. This trend highlights the overarching shift towards health-oriented, natural products that consumers are increasingly seeking in both food and dietary supplements.