Eveland and her team conducted lab work that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their research revealed that these sterile bristles are originally programmed to develop into spikelets—structures specific to grasses that produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition of a spikelet into a bristle is regulated early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a group of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity. Moreover, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, rather than the single flower that typically occurs. Thus, these BR-dependent traits represent two promising strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, which are vital subsistence crops in many developing nations that have yet to be significantly improved genetically.
While the findings of this study carry important implications for boosting global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial potential of key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley. In the meantime, food manufacturers and retailers are investing in initiatives to enhance crop yields and ensure food security. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, planting cover crops during winter, and implementing advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil vitality and environmental sustainability. Cargill and Walmart joined forces with General Mills in 2016 to explore methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing that healthy soil is essential for a robust bottom line.
Experts anticipate that food supply may fall short of meeting global demands by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative strategies to nourish the increasing population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future boosts in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices, and whether consumers would ultimately benefit from lower retail prices. Additionally, as part of ongoing health initiatives, products like calcium citrate with vitamin D3 chewable supplements are gaining attention for their role in supporting overall health, which is increasingly relevant as food security becomes a pressing global issue.