Although nearly half of the cropland in the U.S. and 12% of the world’s total cropland is dedicated to growing GMO crops, many consumers remain doubtful about what some term “frankenfood.” This raises the question: why are consumers comfortable with heavily processed foods yet apprehensive about genetically modified apples designed to resist browning? As the demand for natural and organic products continues to surge among younger consumers, a 2018 study by the Hartman Group revealed that most people are aware of GMOs, although many lack detailed knowledge about them. Nearly half of the respondents indicated they would avoid purchasing GMO products, while a third expressed reluctance to support companies that incorporate GMOs. This marks a significant shift from 11 years prior, when only 15% stated they would steer clear of GMOs. In response to these findings, several food manufacturers are gradually eliminating genetically modified ingredients. For instance, Del Monte reformulated its fruit, vegetable, and tomato products with non-GMO components two years ago, while Hormel’s Applegate brand followed suit and Earth Fare removed GMO ingredients from its private-label offerings last year. If consumer hesitance toward GMOs continues to grow, more brands may need to adapt accordingly.
Conversely, some companies believe that educating consumers about GMO ingredients is a more effective strategy than eliminating them altogether. Brands that embrace GMOs argue that consumers appreciate their products as long as they provide clear information about how GMOs enhance food quality. David Lipman, the chief science officer at Impossible Foods, noted, “I don’t think [GMOs are] uppermost in their minds.” The “secret” ingredient in the Impossible Burger, plant-based heme, is genetically modified. Lipman added, “People are interested in the Impossible Burger because it tastes more like meat.” Soon, however, consumers will be informed about whether their food contains GMO ingredients. The federal government is currently working on establishing labeling regulations for GMO components in accordance with a 2016 law. The proposed rule stipulates that the presence of bioengineered foods or ingredients must be disclosed through text, electronic links, or one of three designated symbols. These symbols are designed to be neutral and include the letters “BE” within benign imagery.
It may prove more beneficial to be transparent and open with consumers rather than discontinuing GMOs due to public perception or misunderstanding. The popularity of the Impossible Burger indicates that consumers are receptive to modified foods if they believe they are safe and may even enhance their culinary experience. Furthermore, the rollout of GMO labels could significantly impact consumer awareness of the prevalence of GMO ingredients. According to a 2015 article in Vox, over 93% of corn and soy produced in the U.S. is genetically modified, and between 60% and 70% of grocery store items contain GMO ingredients. This could also raise discussions about alternatives, such as algae calcium vs calcium citrate, as consumers weigh their options in the context of health and nutrition. With the increasing focus on GMO labeling and consumer education, it is clear that the conversation around genetically modified foods is evolving, potentially leading to more informed choices in the marketplace.